{"id":19913,"date":"2021-02-26T13:50:58","date_gmt":"2021-02-26T12:50:58","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.fsyc.org\/actualitat\/estudio-sobre-los-factores-de-riesgo-de-mortalidad-de-las-personas-sin-hogar-en-cataluna-analisis-de-cohorte-retrospectivo-de-10-anos\/"},"modified":"2021-02-26T14:05:42","modified_gmt":"2021-02-26T13:05:42","slug":"estudio-sobre-los-factores-de-riesgo-de-mortalidad-de-las-personas-sin-hogar-en-cataluna-analisis-de-cohorte-retrospectivo-de-10-anos","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.fsyc.org\/ca\/insercio-social-i-ocupacio\/estudio-sobre-los-factores-de-riesgo-de-mortalidad-de-las-personas-sin-hogar-en-cataluna-analisis-de-cohorte-retrospectivo-de-10-anos\/","title":{"rendered":"Estudi sobre els factors de risc de mortalitat de les persones sense llar a Catalunya: an\u00e0lisi de cohort retrospectiu de 10 anys"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

El nostre company Fran Calvo, coordinador d’investigaci\u00f3 i avaluaci\u00f3 de la Fundaci\u00f3 Salut i Comunitat (FSC), aix\u00ed com a docent i investigador a la Universitat de Girona, ha liderat un estudi, al costat d’altres investigadors \/ es d’altres universitats i entitats, en el que s’analitzen els factors de risc de mortalitat de les persones sense llar a Catalunya durant 10 anys.\u00a0La investigaci\u00f3 ha estat publicada recentment a la Revista Internacional d’Investigaci\u00f3 Ambiental i Salut P\u00fablica (\u00abInternational Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health\u00bb).<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

L’article, titulat \u00abFactors de risc de mortalitat per a les persones sense llar a Catalunya: un estudi de cohort retrospectiu de 10 anys\u00bb (\u00abMortality Risk Factors for Individuals Experiencing Homelessness in Catalonia, Spain: A 10-Year Retrospective Cohort Study\u00bb) , analitza la taxa de mortalitat i els factors de risc de mortalitat en una mostra de persones sense llar a la ciutat de Girona durant un per\u00edode de 10 anys.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

En l’estudi han col\u00b7laborat diverses institucions p\u00fabliques com el Centre d’Acollida per a persones sense llar \u00abLa Sopa\u00bb, el Centre d’Atenci\u00f3 Prim\u00e0ria de Santa Clara i el CAS Teresa Ferrer.\u00a0El seu objectiu ha estat examinar de manera retrospectiva dels resultats de 475 persones sense llar, al costat de les dades cl\u00edniques i socials disponibles, tenint en compte que l’evid\u00e8ncia cient\u00edfica actual suggereix que la mortalitat \u00e9s considerablement m\u00e9s gran en les persones sense llar.<\/span><\/p>\n

La mostra estava formada per un 84,4% homes i un 51,8% de persones nascudes a l’estranger, contemplant models de riscos proporcionals de Cox per identificar factors de risc de mortalitat entre els grups d’origen, en relaci\u00f3 a la metodologia utilitzada.<\/span><\/p>\n

D’acord amb els resultats obtinguts en aquesta investigaci\u00f3, 60 persones van morir durant el per\u00edode de deu anys, sent 49,1 anys l’edat mitjana de defunci\u00f3.\u00a0A m\u00e9s, despr\u00e9s d’ajustar les caracter\u00edstiques demogr\u00e0fiques i la durada de l’sensellarisme, es determina que els factors de risc de mortalitat van ser l’origen (persones nascudes a Espanya), la diabetis tipus 2, el trastorn per consum d’alcohol i malalties infeccioses.<\/span><\/p>\n

Aix\u00ed mateix, els resultats mostren una alta prevalen\u00e7a de malalties infeccioses i cr\u00f2niques.\u00a0La diabetis de tipus 2 destaca com un important factor de risc en el sensellarisme i altra dada d’inter\u00e8s \u00e9s que l’edat mitjana de defunci\u00f3 de les persones sense llar va ser significativament inferior a la de la poblaci\u00f3 general (que \u00e9s superior als 80 anys) .<\/span><\/p>\n

En relaci\u00f3 a les conclusions de l’estudi, les persones sense llar nascudes a l’estranger van resultar ser m\u00e9s joves i saludables que les persones sense llar d’origen espanyol, la qual cosa genera noves preguntes d’investigaci\u00f3 al voltant de \u00abl’efecte immigrant sa\u00bb (<\/span>healthy immigrant effect<\/span><\/em>) en poblaci\u00f3 en situaci\u00f3 d’exclusi\u00f3 residencial. A m\u00e9s, les malalties cr\u00f2niques es van controlar millor a les persones nascudes a Espanya, si b\u00e9 aquest grup va mostrar un major risc de mortalitat.<\/span><\/p>\n

Com a conclusi\u00f3 d’l’estudi, es mant\u00e9 que les difer\u00e8ncies en relaci\u00f3 a salut i mortalitat en la mostra analitzada, van dependre de diversos factors, sobretot de l’origen (nascut a l’estranger oa Espanya), suggerint que l ‘ \u00abefecte immigrant sa\u00bb, a tot i la diversitat de les poblacions immigrants en els diferents continents, sembla estar present a Europa i aplicar-se no nom\u00e9s als immigrants que viuen en condicions segures, sin\u00f3 tamb\u00e9 a grups molt desfavorits i marginats, com les persones sense llar.<\/span><\/p>\n

En la investigaci\u00f3 tamb\u00e9 es destaca que els estudis que podrien realitzar-se en aquest \u00e0mbit haurien explorar les difer\u00e8ncies en les necessitats entre les poblacions de persones sense llar nascudes a l’estranger i nascudes a Espanya, i identificar accions eficaces per a cada grup.<\/span><\/p>\n

Actualment, a manera de l\u00ednies futures d’investigaci\u00f3, en l’article s’indica que s’estan recopilant dades de la mateixa cohort per ampliar el marc temporal fins al 2020 (15 anys), la qual cosa permetr\u00e0 examinar els efectes a llarg termini de la manca de llar en la salut i la mortalitat, aix\u00ed com oferir perspectives sobre la pand\u00e8mia de COVID-19.<\/span><\/p>\n

Igualment, s’assenyala que, de cara a el futur, resultaria molt \u00fatil la creaci\u00f3 d’un conjunt de dades com\u00fa a nivell nacional que registri les caracter\u00edstiques sanit\u00e0ries i demogr\u00e0fiques de les persones sense llar.\u00a0D’aquesta manera, es podria realitzar un seguiment m\u00e9s efica\u00e7 per donar suport a la salut d’aquestes persones.\u00a0Aquest seguiment donaria prioritat a les malalties cr\u00f2niques amb major risc de mortalitat, especialment entre les persones amb esc\u00e0s contacte i el seguiment amb els serveis sanitaris.<\/span><\/p>\n

Finalment, es mant\u00e9 que \u00e9s important posar en marxa m\u00e9s equips professionals d’acostament social al carrer, procedents de diferents \u00e0mbits professionals, com la infermeria, la medicina, la psiquiatria, els serveis ling\u00fc\u00edstics, el treball social i la psicologia.\u00a0Amb aix\u00f2, es tractaria de posar en contacte a les persones sense llar amb aquests serveis en l’entorn on es d\u00f3na la situaci\u00f3 d’exclusi\u00f3, reduint les barreres inherents a les estructures dels serveis com els horaris, els temps de visita i la seva localitzaci\u00f3.<\/span><\/p>\n

A destacar que l’article recull una menci\u00f3 a Xavier Ferrer, director t\u00e8cnic de la nostra entitat, a manera d’agra\u00efment per la seva opini\u00f3 i suggeriments en la versi\u00f3 final de la mateixa.<\/span><\/p>\n

\n

Acc\u00e9s a l’article:<\/span>
\n<\/strong>https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1660-4601\/18\/4\/1762<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

El nostre company Fran Calvo, coordinador d’investigaci\u00f3 i avaluaci\u00f3 de la Fundaci\u00f3 Salut i Comunitat (FSC), aix\u00ed com a docent […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":18918,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[906,1074],"tags":[1757],"class_list":["post-19913","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-actualitat","category-insercio-social-i-ocupacio","tag-sensellarisme"],"yoast_head":"\nEstudi sobre els factors de risc de mortalitat de les persones sense llar a Catalunya: an\u00e0lisi de cohort retrospectiu de 10 anys - Fundaci\u00f3n Salud y Comunidad<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" 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